Preheat oven to 350°F (180°C). Prepare a 9x13-inch baking pan or three 8-inch round cake pans.
Sift together cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Whisk buttermilk and lemon juice together in a separate bowl.
Beat butter, sugar, and lemon zest until light and fluffy.
Add vanilla and eggs one at a time, mixing after each addition.
Alternate adding dry ingredients and buttermilk mixture until combined.
Toss blueberries with flour and gently fold into the batter.
Transfer batter to prepared pan(s).
Bake for 25 to 35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
Cool completely before frosting.
For frosting, beat butter and cream cheese until smooth.
Gradually mix in powdered sugar and lemon juice.
Add cream as needed for desired consistency.
Frost cooled cake and serve.